2019年江苏高考英语仿真试题【附答案】

2019年江苏高考英语仿真试题【附答案】

（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。

3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分 听力（略）

听力共两节，满分30分。

【温馨提示】

做题时，先要将答案标在试卷上。等录音内容结束后，将会有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分；第二节共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分。

第二部分  阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分)

第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

5 startling statistics about rhinos

1. Rhinos have been on Earth for around 50 million years. In that time, species in the rhino family have roamed across not only Africa and Asia but also Europe and North America. There was even a rhino species we dubbed the Giant Unicorn, which grew up to 20 feet in length and had a horn that reached 7 feet long!

2. Some 500,000 rhinos could be found across Asia and Africa just one century ago. But since the beginning of the 20th century, their numbers have fallen precipitously. There were just 70,000 by 1970 and a mere 29,000 in the wild today.

3. The price for rhino horn is extremely high — so high, in fact, that Save the Rhino asks journalists not to publicize it. Although the price is widely reported anyway, many conservationists worry this publicity can encourage more criminals to enter the rhino-horn trade and stimulate more consumer demand. And regardless of the specific price for a kilogram of rhino horn, it's worth noting that all this fuss is about keratin — a product that's the exact same material as horse hooves, cockatoo beaks, and even our hair and fingernails. Yes, you can get the basically the same thing for free every time you trim your nails or get a hair cut.

Why the high price? Primarily rhino horn is used in traditional Chinese medicine, however there's no scientific proof that rhino horn has any medicinal value. According to PBS:

"Overall there isn’t much evidence to support the plethora of claims about the healing properties of the horns. In 1990, researchers at Chinese University in Hong Kong found that large doses of rhino horn extract could slightly lower fever in rats (as could extracts from Saiga antelope and water buffalo horn), but the concentration of horn given by a traditional Chinese medicine specialist are many, many times lower than used in those experiments. In short, says Amin, you’d do just as well chewing on your fingernails."

4. If poaching levels continue as they are going, wild rhinos could disappear within the next 20 years. This would be not only a devastating blow to the world as a whole, but also to many national economies, which could continue to make money from rhinos through eco-tourism and photo safaris. Rhinos, like so many big fauna, are worth far more alive than dead over the course of their long lifetimes, both through the ecological benefits they provide to their habitats as well as through the thousands upon thousands of dollars tourists are willing to pay to see a rhino grazing peacefully in the wild.

5. South Africa is home to 74 percent of the continent's remaining rhino population, according to Stop Rhino Poaching, yet more than 6,100 rhinos have been poached in that country in the last nine years. "This poaching is by no means isolated to South Africa; rhino poaching is surging across the entire African continent, and is a constant threat to the smaller rhino populations in Asia," according to Save the Rhino. "Other rhino states do not regularly publish poaching statistics, however updates are available in news reports and press releases."

21. According to paragraph 1, what can we infer about the Giant Unicorn ?

    A. It belonged to rhino species, whose size was extremely large.

    B. It was a kind of species similar to rhino species.

    C. It belonged to rhino species, whose size was the largest among rhino species.

    D. It was a common rhino species.

22. From what time have the numbers of rhinos dropped dramatically ?

   A. Not mentioned

   B. One century ago

   C. From the start of the 20th century

   D. At the end of the 20th century

23. What is the passage mainly about ?

   A. Some figures about rhinos.

   B. The dangers rhinos were faced with

   C. The ways to protect rhinos

   D. The alarming figures about rhinos and their current situation

【答案与解析】

文章标题是《关于犀牛的五组令人震惊的数据惊》。本篇展现了关于犀牛的五组令人震惊的数据，通过这些数据，描述了犀牛的现状以及呼吁人们采取行动保护犀牛。

21. A  事实细节题，本文第一段描述了被称作独角兽的一种犀牛，介绍了犀牛的概况。文章通过对犀牛的细节描写，得知此题答案选A。“犀牛已经在地球上生活了大约5000万年。在那个时候，犀牛科的物种不仅漫游于非洲和亚洲，也漫游于欧洲和北美。甚至还有一种犀牛，我们称之为巨型独角兽，它长到20英尺长，有一个长达7英尺的角！”

22. C 事实细节题，从什么时候开始犀牛数量急剧下降？定位到文章第二段第二句话，“But since the beginning of the 20th century, their numbers have fallen precipitously.”但自20世纪初以来，它们的数量急剧下降。根据这个信息可得知此题选C。

23. D 主旨大意题，首先通过快速浏览后再认真阅读文章，即可得知此题选D。关于犀牛及其现状的令人担忧的数字。

【文章大意】

1. 犀牛已经在地球上生活了大约5000万年。在那个时候，犀牛科的物种不仅漫游于非洲和亚洲，也漫游于欧洲和北美。甚至还有一种犀牛，我们称之为巨型独角兽，它长到20英尺长，有一个长达7英尺的角！

2. 仅仅一个世纪前，亚洲和非洲就可以发现大约50万头犀牛。但自20世纪初以来，它们的数量急剧下降。到1970年只有7万只，而今天野外只有2.9万只。

3. 犀牛角的价格高昂，而事实上，如此之高以至于为拯救犀牛要求记者不要宣传其价格。尽管价格已被广泛报道，但许多环保人士担心，这种宣传可能会鼓励更多的犯罪分子进入犀牛角贸易，并刺激更多的消费者需求。不管一公斤犀牛角的具体价格如何，值得注意的是，所有这些小题大做都是关于角蛋白——是一种与马蹄、凤头鹦鹉嘴甚至我们的头发和指甲材料完全相同的产品。是的，每次修剪指甲或理发，你都可以免费得到基本相同的东西。

为什么价格这么高？犀角主要用于中医，但没有科学证据证明犀角具有任何药用价值。

根据PBS：“总的来说，没有太多证据支持关于角的愈合特性的说法。1990，香港中国大学的研究人员发现，大剂量犀牛角提取物能降低大鼠发烧（如赛加羚羊和水牛角提取物），但中药专家给予的角浓度比实验中使用的低很多倍。阿民说到：简言之，你最好咀嚼你的指甲。”

4. 如果继续进行偷猎，野生犀牛可能在未来20年内消失。这不仅是对整个世界的毁灭性打击，而且对许多国家经济体也是如此，它们可以继续通过生态旅游和摄影旅行从犀牛身上赚钱。像许多大型动物一样，犀牛在其漫长的一生中，通过它们为栖息地提供的生态效益，也通过成千上万的美元的旅游消费，游客们都愿意花钱去看犀牛在野外和平地放牧。

5. 据Stop Rhino Poaching统计，南非是非洲大陆剩余犀牛数量的74%，但在过去的9年里，南非已经有6100多头犀牛被偷猎。“这种偷猎决不是孤立于南非；根据拯救犀牛组织的说法，犀牛偷猎正在整个非洲大陆蔓延，并对亚洲较小的犀牛种群构成持续的威胁。其他犀牛州不定期公布偷猎统计数据，无论如何，新闻报道和新闻稿中都在不断地更新信息。”

B

Julian Treasure cares very deeply for your ears. That’s why he’s given TED talks like “The 4 ways sound affects us” and “Why architects need to use their ears.” Treasure is on a mission to make policymakers, engineers, architects and, well,  everyone think more about what they hear around them — because the way things sound have a tangible, measurable effect on how we feel, how we heal, how we work and how we live.

To this end, Treasure’s The Sound Agency has teamed up with Biamp Systems to create a white paper called “Building in Sound,” a look at the data linking sound and well-being.

“This paper is based on exhaustive review of academic papers, and reports from national governments and multinational bodies, going back some 40 years,” it begins. “The research examines the causes and impacts of sound on our health, recovery from illness or surgery, our ability to absorb information and learn, our productivity, and general sense of well-being.”

Read the paper in full, or check out some of the most fascinating facts below.

The estimated cost of noise pollution is $30.8 billion a year — and that’s just in Europe.  The World Health Organization Europe’s 2011 report, “Burden of disease from environmental noise,” analyzes the relationship between environmental noise and health. In this study, they calculate the financial cost of lost work days, health care treatment, impaired learning and decreased productivity due to noise. The total they came up with is staggering, considering they’re looking at just one continent.

Each year, noise pollution takes a day off the life of every adult and child in Europe. This same study also looked at the cost of noise pollution in terms of lost life expectancy. Shockingly, they determined that every 365 days, one million years are taken off European’s collective life expectancy — averaging to a day per person.

If you can hear someone talking while you’re reading or writing, your productivity dips by up to 66%.  Open floor-plan offices distract workers without them even noticing it. In a classic study published in the British Journal of Psychology in 1998, researchers found that employers were highly distracted when they could hear conversation around them, and less able to perform their duties. Another classic study found that noise in the office also correlated to increased stress hormone levels and a lower willingness to engage with others. According to Sound Agency case study, when sound masking technology was used in an office, there was a 46% improvement in employees’ ability to concentrate and their short term memory accuracy increased 10 percent.

The average noise level in many classrooms is not just associated with impaired learning — but with permanent hearing loss. Noise can deeply affect learning too. The WHO recommends a noise level in classrooms akin to that you’d find in a library — 35 decibels. However, a study in Germany found that the actual average noise volume in classrooms is 65 decibels — a level associated with permanent hearing loss. As Treasure outlines in this talk, for a student sitting in the fourth row of a traditional classroom, speech intelligibility is just 50 percent — meaning that they only hear half of what their teacher says.

A 20 decibel increase in aircraft noise is enough to delay a student’s reading level by up to 8 months. A study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology in 2006 looked at 2000 students between the ages of 9 and 10 in schools in The Netherlands, Spain and the U.K. — many in schools near airports. They found that aircraft noise was associated with impaired reading comprehension.

50% of teachers have experienced damage to their voice from talking over classroom noise. A study of teachers published in the Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research in 2004, noted another side-effect of noise pollution in classrooms — 50% of teachers have suffered irreversible damage to their voices. Why? Because as the environment gets noisier, we speak more loudly.

The average noise level in some hospital wards not only impedes healing — but could legally require hearing protection. The WHO recommends noise levels in hospital wards to stay around 35 decibels. But a study in the US found the average noise level in hospital wards is actually closer to 95 decibels — just 10 decibels beyond the noise level at which U.S. federal law requires ear protection for prolonged exposure. Sleep is crucial for patient recovery, and yet with the constant beeps, tones and shuffling, the body feels that it is under threat. Not to mention that staff errors increase the greater the level of distracting noise.

3% of cardiac arrest cases in Germany have been explicitly linked to traffic noise. Treasure found this alarming fact in a 2009 press release from the Environmental Protection UK.

Noise pollution may possibly even contribute to crime. When the city of Lancaster, California, installed a sound system featuring birdsong along a half-mile stretch of a main road, there was a 15 percent reduction in reported crime, according to an article in The Wall Street Journal. Similarly, when the London Underground started playing classical music at a crime-heavy station, robberies fell by 33% while assaults on staff dropped 25%, says The Independent.

24. According to paragraph 1, what’s the mission of Julian Treasure ?

   A. To make everyone better understand the sound around them and its effects on human beings

   B. To publicize the benefits from the sound around us

   C. Not mentioned

   D. To encourage people to get involved in more sound

25. What does the underlined word “ staggering’’ probably mean ?

   A. Disappointing

   B. Shocking

   C. Pleasing 

D. Exciting

26. Among the nine ways that sound affects us, which one is related to heart disease?

   A. The first way

   B. The third way

   C. The eighth way

   D. The ninth way

27. What’s the passage mainly about ?

   A. The advice on how to deal with noise pollution

   B. The ways to protect our environment

   C. The opinions on how to reduce noise pollution

   D. 9 ways that sound affects our health, well-being and productivity

【答案与解析】

本文阐述了噪音污染通过九种途径对人们的身体健康产生负面的影响。

24. A 事实细节题，通过定位到文章第一段“Treasure is on a mission to make policymakers, engineers, architects and, well, everyone think more about what they hear around them — because the way things sound have a tangible, measurable effect on how we feel, how we heal, how we work and how we live.”，得知此题选A。朱利安.特雷热的使命是“让决策者、工程师、建筑师以及每一个人都更多地思考他们周围的声音，因为事物的声音方式对我们的感觉、对我们治愈的方式、对我们如何工作和我们如何生活都有着有形的、可测量的影响。”

25. B 猜测词义题，定位到“The total they came up with is staggering, considering they’re looking at just one continent.”，结合上下文语境，得知此题选B，Shocking的意思就是 staggering，惊人的。

26. C 事实细节题，根据题干：在声音影响我们的九种方式中，哪一种与心脏病有关？定位到文章倒数第二段“3% of cardiac arrest cases in Germany have been explicitly linked to traffic noise. Treasure found this alarming fact in a 2009 press release from the Environmental Protection UK.”，其中的cardiac arrest为心脏停搏，是本题要点。

27. D 主旨大意题，通过快速浏览，再认真阅读此篇文章得知此题选D，9种声音影响我们的健康、幸福和工作效率。

【文章大意】

朱利安·特雷热非常关心人们的耳朵。这就是他给泰德讲了“声音影响我们的四种方式”和“为什么建筑师需要用他们的耳朵”的原因。特雷热的使命是让决策者、工程师、建筑师以及每一个人都更多地思考他们周围的声音，因为事物的声音方式对我们的感觉、对我们治愈的方式、对我们如何工作和我们如何生活都有着有形的、可测量的影响。

为此，特雷热的声音机构与Biamp系统合作，创建了一个名为“在声音中构建”的白皮书，查看声音与幸福之间的数据链接。

“这篇论文是基于对学术论文的详尽回顾以及国家政府和跨国机构的报告，追溯到大约40年前，”文章开始说。“这项研究调查了声音对我们健康的原因和影响，从疾病或手术中恢复，我们吸收信息和学习的能力，我们的生产力，以及普遍的幸福感。”

阅读全文，或查看下面一些最引人入胜的事实。

噪音污染的估计成本是每年308亿美元，这只是在欧洲而已。世界卫生组织欧洲2011年的报告“环境噪音带来的疾病负担”分析了环境噪音与健康之间的关系。在这项研究中，他们计算了因噪音导致的工作日损失、医疗保健、学习障碍和生产力下降的财务成本。请考虑他们只是关注一个大陆，而得出的总数就令人震惊。

每年，噪音污染都会使欧洲每个成人和儿童的生活都有一天的不上班、不上学。这项研究还以预期寿命的损失来衡量噪音污染的成本。令人震惊的是：他们确定在100万年内，每365天就要从欧洲人的集体预期寿命中扣除——平均每人一天。

如果你在读或写的时候听到有人在说话，你的工作效率会下降66%。开放式平面办公室会分散员工的注意力，而他们自己甚至不会注意到。在1998年发表在《英国心理学杂志》上的一项经典研究中，研究人员发现，当雇主能够听到他们周围的谈话时，他们会高度分心，而不能履行他们的职责。另一项经典研究发现，办公室里的噪音也与压力荷尔蒙水平的增加和与他人交往的意愿的降低有关。根据Sound Agency的案例研究，当办公室使用声音屏蔽技术时，员工集中注意力的能力提高了46%，短期记忆的准确性提高了10%。

许多教室的平均噪音水平不仅与学习障碍有关，还与永久性听力损失有关。噪音也会对学习产生深远影响。世界卫生组织建议教室的噪音水平与图书馆的噪音水平相当——35分贝。然而，德国的一项研究发现，教室里的实际平均噪音是65分贝——这一水平与永久性听力损失有关。正如本次谈话中的特雷热所描述的，对于一个坐在传统教室第四排的学生来说，语言的清晰度只有50%——这意味着他们只能听到老师所说的一半。

飞机噪音增加20分贝，就足以使学生的阅读水平延迟8个月。2006年发表在《美国流行病学杂志》上的一项研究对荷兰、西班牙和英国的2000名9至10岁的学生进行了调查，其中很多人在机场附近的学校上学。他们发现飞机噪音与阅读理解障碍有关。

50%的教师声音由于课堂噪音而受到损害。2004年发表在《言语、语言和听力研究杂志》上的一项针对教师的研究指出，教室噪音污染的另一个副作用——50%的教师的声音受到不可逆转的损害。为什么？因为随着环境越来越嘈杂，我们说话的声音越来越大。

一些医院病房的平均噪音水平不仅妨碍愈合，而且可能需要听力保护。世卫组织建议医院病房的噪音水平保持在35分贝左右。但美国的一项研究发现，医院病房的平均噪音水平实际上接近95分贝——仅比美国联邦法律要求长时间接触耳朵保护的噪音水平高出10分贝。睡眠对患者的康复至关重要，但随着不断的哔哔声、音调和脚步声，身体会感到受到威胁。更不用说，工作人员的失误会增加更大程度的干扰噪音。

德国有3%的心脏骤停病例与交通噪音有明确联系。特雷热在2009年英国环保组织的新闻发布会上发现了这个令人担忧的事实。

噪音污染甚至可能导致犯罪。据《华尔街日报》的一篇文章称，当加利福尼亚州兰开斯特市在一条主干道半英里长的地方安装了一个以鸟鸣为特色的音响系统时，报告的犯罪率降低了15%。《独立报》称，同样地，当伦敦地铁在犯罪率很高的车站开始播放古典音乐时，抢劫案减少了33%，而对员工的袭击减少了25%。

C

In the food industry right now there are a lot of words being thrown around like GMO, organic, natural, fresh or local. But do all of these words really mean better for you? I recently saw a green Diet Coke can and above it the word “organic” in italicized cursive letters. Is this supposed to mean it is better for you than regular Diet Coke? Does it mean that the ingredients in it are less likely to be processed and possibly affect your health? Probably not.

The proof lies in the pudding when it comes to foods that are good for your health. As a Registered Dietitian, I encourage my patients to focus on “whole foods” that are nutrient dense rather than “processed foods” that are energy dense. What is the difference between the two? Well, nutrient dense foods provide nutrients for your body such as fiber, vitamins and minerals with low added sugar and fat, while energy dense foods, or high calorie foods, provide many calories with little value to your body.

A whole food would be considered, ideally, as a food with only one ingredient i.e. corn on the cob, apple, chicken or a cucumber. These foods will assist you in reducing your cholesterol, regulating your blood sugars and reducing risk for diabetes while also assisting you in maintaining your weight. A processed food is any food with more than one ingredient, and food companies typically add additional sugars, preservatives, dyes and “bad” fats such as saturated and trans fats. A perfect example would be a baked potato (one ingredient) compared to instant mashed potatoes. The ingredients list on the Hungry Jack instant mashed potatoes include: POTATO FLAKES (SODIUM BISULFITE, BHA AND CITRIC ACID ADDED TO PROTECT COLOR AND FLAVOR), CONTAINS 2% OR LESS OF: MONOGLYCERIDES, PARTIALLY HYDROGENATED COTTONSEED OIL, NATURAL FLAVOR, SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE, BUTTEROIL.  (Note: hydrogenated oil is trans fat, which is directly linked to heart disease and plaque build up.) It makes you wonder, with all of these added ingredients and chemicals and altering of oils, is this a real food?

Here's how to incorporate whole foods into your daily routine:

• Buy seasonal food directly from a local farmer at a farmer's market or through a CSA.

• Shop around the perimeter of the grocery store — that’s where all the whole foods are! Avoid the aisles as that is where the processed foods are located. Make a grocery list that takes you around the outside of the store — fruits and vegetables, low-fat meat and low-fat dairy — and includes just 1-2 aisles per trip.

See below for foods to look for at the grocery store, and foods to avoid:

Fruits and Vegetables

Whole foods: fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, frozen vegetables, frozen fruits, unsalted nuts

Processed foods to avoid: fruit or vegetable juices, fruits canned in heavy syrup, fruit snacks/fruit roll ups, veggie or potato chips, salted/seasoned nuts

Meats

Whole foods: fresh lean meats, fresh fish/shellfish, eggs

Processed foods to avoid: bacon, sausage, chicken fingers, fish sticks, hot dogs, deli meats, potted meats and spam

Dairy

Whole foods: low-fat milk (skim or 1%), plain yogurt, low-fat cheese and cottage cheese

Processed foods to avoid: ice cream bars, processed cheese such as Velveeta, sweetened yogurt/parfaits

• Fill half your plate with fruits and vegetables! Check out choose my plate. gov for recipe ideas and tips for healthy eating.

• Last but not least, garden! Try growing your own fruits, vegetables and herbs at home. Check out your local cooperative extension for landscape, garden and indoor plant information and find a Master Gardener in your area.