北京2019年高考英语模拟试卷含答案和解析

北京2019年高考英语模拟试卷含答案和解析

一、单选题（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）

1.              Martin got up late and didn't catch the first bus yesterday，         he had to wait for the next one．（　　）

A. for              B. or              C. so              D. but

2.              ______ you are well prepared， you still need a lot of carefulness in the speech next week．（　　）

A. Although              B. Because              C. When              D. Unless

3.              Mike        for winning the badminton competition last year．（　　）

A. . has been praised              B. . has praised
C. . was praised              D. had praised

4.              The reporter apologized for any misunderstandings ______ by his article on that film star．（　　）

A. causing              B. caused              C. to cause              D. being caused

5.              ---Why didn't you go cycling with us yesterday？
---I        my mother with the housework all day．（　　）

A. was helping              B. would help              C. had helped              D. have helped

6.              You shall finish the English test papers _______ two hours according to the rule．（　　）

A. by              B. within              C. before              D. after

7.                             from the moon，our earth，with water              seven percent of its surface，appears as a"blue ball"．（　　）

A. Seeing…covered              B. Seen…covered
C. Seeing…covering              D. Seen…covering

8.              -What were you doing when I phoned you last night？
-I ______ my painting and was starting to take a bath．（　　）

A. have already finished              B. was finishing
C. had just finished              D. was going to finish

9.                        a diary every day and you'll improve your writing．（　　）

A. Keeping              B. To keep              C. Keep              D. If you keep

10.              ________ is known to us all is that he will visit our school tomorrow．（　　）

A. What              B. As              C. Which              D. It

11.              Ever since the patients moved to the new hospital last year，they       better medical treatment．（　　）

A. have received              B. had received              C. will receive              D. received

12.              You ______ up with your classmates now，had you paid more attention to the lessons．（　　）

A. had kept              B. would keep
C. would have kept              D. kept

13.              Recently I find _______not that difficult to learn English well．（　　）

A. them              B. it              C. that              D. this

14.              The weather was stormy during their stay at the beach， so they         have had a very nice holiday．（　　）

A. mustn't              B. shouldn't              C. can't              D. needn't

15.              The group of the aged are close companions， and many of __________ have known each other for decades．（　　）

A. that              B. them              C. whom              D. what

二、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）

A

One day， an old couple around the age of 70， walked into a lawyer's office． They came to file a divorce． This couple had been quarreling all their over 40 years of marriage． They hung on because of their children， afraid to affect their up-bringing． Now， all their children have already grown up． There's nothing else to worry about． All they wanted was to end their unhappy marriage， so both agreed on a divorce．
Lawyer couldn't understand why the old couple would still want a divorce after 40 years of marriage at the age of 70． After they signed the papers， the lawyer suggested a dinner together， since they were still going to be friends．
At the dining table， the first dish was roasted chicken． Immediately， the old man took the drumstick（鸡大腿）for the old lady． "Take this， it's good．" But the wife was unhappy when she answered． "This is always the problem． You always think so highly of yourself． Never think about how I feel． Don't you know that I hate drumsticks？" Little did she know that the husband had been trying all ways to please her-drumsticks were the husband's favorite．
That night， both of them couldn't sleep． After hours， the old man recognized that he still loved her． He picked up the phone． But it never got through． On the other side， she was sad because he still couldn't understand her． Phone's ringing， knowing that it's him， she refused to answer． She thought that all was over and she pulled out the cord．
The next day， she received the news that he had passed away． She rushed down to his apartment， only to see his body lying on the couch still holding on the phone． He had a heart attack when he was still trying to get through her phone line．
As sad as she could be， she would have to clear his belongings． Suddenly she saw an insurance policy in the drawers， whose beneficiary（受益人）was her． Together in that file there's the note．
"To my dearest wife， by the time you are reading this， I'm sure I'm no longer around， I bought this policy for you． I hope it will be able to help me continue my promise-taking care of you． I want you to know I will always be around by your side． I love you．"

16.              The old couple kept their unhappy marriage for 40 years because ______ ．

A. they were not allowed to divorce until the age of 70
B. they were afraid of being lonely after the divorce
C. they took their children's up-bringing into consideration
D. they didn't have enough money to afford the fee of a lawyer

17.              The writer mentioned the "drumsticks event" at dinner to ______ ．

A. show that the couple's life was very poor
B. prove that it was a right decision for the divorce
C. tell the readers what was the problem of their marriage
D. criticize the old man who paid too much attention to his own

18.              The story conveys a message that ______ ．

A. The old man shouldn't take the drumstick for the old lady．
B. Lacking respect each other will lead to divorce of a couple
C. one's words are clearer than his action when expressing love
D. understanding plays an important role even between a couple

B

Are you preparing for a big test？ If so， you may want to go to play some basketball in between hitting the books． Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development． Judy Cameron， a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University， studies brain development． According to her research， it seems that exercise can make blood vessels（血管），including those in the brain， stronger and more fully developed． Dr． Cameron is sure that this allows people who exercise to think better． As she says， "while we already know that exercise is good for the heart， exercise can actually cause physical changes in the brain．"
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies． Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active． Even a little movement can show big results． Margaret Barns， a scientist， also believes in the importance of the exercise． She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in primary school or high school can result from a lack of movement as babies． "Babies need movement that encourages and excites their five senses． They need to set up a connection between motion and memory． In this way， as they get older， children will begin to connect physical activity with higher learning，" says Margaret．
Older people can develop their brains as well． Cornell University studied a group of seniors who have a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week． The exercise does not have to be very difficult， but it does have to increase heart rate． Also， just like the motion for babies， exercise for older people should not be too simple． Learning some new skills or actions， such as with yoga or tai-chi helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time． For most people， any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful． The main aim is to increase the brain's flow of blood． And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week．

19.              What is the main idea of this passage？ ______

A. How exercise makes people strong．
B. How to get good scores on a test．
C. How exercise helps the brain．
D. How the brain can change．

20.              According to the passage， what is the connection between exercise and brain development？ ______

A. Exercise helps make our blood vessels．
B. Physical exercise helps us think better．
C. The brain needs special mental exercise．
D. The more exercise， the bigger the brain．

21.              The smallest amount of exercise required to gain any benefit is ______ ．

A. three hours per week              B. 40 hours per week
C. three hours per day              D. 40 hours per month

22.              Why is yoga suggested for seniors？ ______

A. It does good to the joints of old people．
B. It does not increase the heart rate．
C. It includes learning new actions．
D. It can be done in groups．

C

"Oh， my God! Did I really just send that text？" Most people have said something that they wish they could take back． And if they had paused to think about it first， they probably would have acted differently． Pausing doesn't pay off just when you speak． Scientific studies have shown that making a habit of pausing before you do something can actually have a big impact on how your life turns out．
In making decisions we rely on two areas of the brain． One area creates and processes emotions；the other governs logical thought． The type of decision， how we feel about it， and how prepared we are to handle it help determine which brain area has the most influence．
But our age also plays an important role． Thinking through the consequences of one's actions is actually harder for teens because the area controlling logical thought is not fully developed until around age 25． This is why teens often feel an intense（强烈的） emotional drive to act impulsively （冲动地）-it's how their brains are structured! Though this tendency to act without considering the outcomes can lead to problematic situations， impulsivity during the developmental years evolves because it makes teens more open to new experiences and ideas． This openness helps teens become independent adults．
The key to making impulsivity work for you-instead of against you-is to train your brain by practicing pausing． This doesn't mean you stop taking risks or being open to new experiences． But you won't know if the risk is worth it until you think it through． Deciding to take a risk based on logic shows self-control， not impulsivity．
What are different ways to pause？ You might take a deep breath， count to 10， or ask， "Is this worth it？" Different strategies work for different people． Whatever works for you， keep doing it! By practicing pausing， you can actually change your brain． This means that over time， pausing， instead of immediately reacting， becomes your "natural" response． And with this change， people are on their way to enjoying the life rewards that come with high levels of self-control-even if they weren't natural-born pausers!

23.              What challenges teenagers？ ______

A. Giving natural response．
B. Making logical decision．
C. Acting before thorough thinking．
D. Choosing brain-training strategies．

24.              An impulsive person tends to ______ ．

A. think through a risk in advance
B. show high level of self-control
C. consider or accept new ideas
D. change ideas frequently

25.              According to the passage， by training one's brain， one can ______ ．

A. stop taking risks
B. fully develop one's brain
C. become more open to new experience
D. reduce the influence of emotional drive

26.              What is the best title for the passage？ ______

A. Discover the Brain Function              B. Crying Over the Spilt Milk
C. Push the Pause Button              D. Impulsivity Works

D

Fencing or Not
Wildlife fences are constructed for a variety of reasons including to prevent the spread of diseases， to protect wildlife from poachers（偷猎者）， and to help manage small populations of threatened species． Human-wildlife conflict is another common reason for building fences． Wildlife can damage valuable farm animals and crops． Some species carry diseases of agricultural concern， and a few threaten human lives． At the same time， people kill wild animals for food， trade， or to defend lives or property， and human activities destroy wildlife habitat（栖息地）． Separating people and wildlife by fencing can appear to be a mutually beneficial way to avoid such harmful effects． But in a paper in the journal Science， published recently， some scientists argue that fencing should only be used if worse comes to worst．
According to the scientists， although fencing can have conservation benefits， it also has costs． When areas of wildlife habitat are changed into islands， the resulting small and isolated populations tend towards extinction， and the resulting loss of larger-bodied species can affect interactions between species in ways that cause further local extinctions． Therefore， scientists are asking that conservationists carefully weigh up the biodiversity costs and benefits of new and existing fences．
In addition to fences' ecosystem-wide impact， the scientists don't think they always achieve their specific aims． Construction of fences to reduce human-wildlife conflict has been successful in some places but the challenges of appropriate fence design， location， construction， and protection mean that fences often fail to deliver the anticipated benefits． In some places， fences also provide poachers with a ready supply of wire for making traps．
A variety of alternative approaches， including better caring for farm animals， community-based crop-guarding， insurance and wildlife-sensitive land-use planning are suggested to reduce conflicts between people and wildlife without the need for fencing． Some projects working with local people and government agencies in Indonesia have shown that human-elephant conflict can be dramatically reduced without using fences．
The scientists conclude that as climate change increases the importance of facilitating wildlife mobility and conserving landscape connectivity， fence removal may become an important form of climate change preparation， and so fencing of wildlife should be avoided whenever possible．

27.              What does the underlined word "mutually" in Paragraph 1 probably mean？ ______

A. Indeed．              B. Outdoors．              C. Straight．              D. Both．

28.              According to the scientists， what will fencing influence？ ______

A. Land building．              B. Species diversity．
C. Human population．              D. Wildlife's body size．

29.              What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 4？ ______

A. Replacements for fences．
B. Wildlife-protection methods．
C. Effective land-use approaches．
D. Conflicts between human and wildlife

30.              The main purpose of the passage is to ______ ．

A. argue and prove              B. inform and explain
C. appeal and discuss              D. compare and assess

三、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共10.0分）

As you grow rapidly through your teenage years， you will experience a lot of changes． The changes may seem difficult． (1) ． Don't panic! You will deal successfully with them! You are a young adult now! With more responsibility， you will find more freedom to make your own choices． This is a time to be well informed about making choices． In this way you can make healthy balanced decisions． (2) You may already know your career path or you may have no idea at all what you want to do． Both situations are fine! Work hard and the right opportunity will present itself to you．
Young adulthood means greater freedom and more choices． (3) But try not to shut your family out of your life． You school learn to think of others even though you are old enough to look after yourself．
It is also perfectly natural at this time for you to spend more time with your friends than your family (4) A true friend will stand by you no matter what happens．
This period is a part of the life cycle． These are some people who will be with you throughout life's journey． There will be some people with whom you part and go separate ways． Leaving school can be hard． The reality is that you may not even see all of your classmates again．
You are a young adult． It is your life． No one can live it for you． (5) So making the right choices will be important to you． Life is for living． Enjoy your life wisely!

A．Choose your friends wisely．
B．They will help shape the future．
C．They may seem to happen quickly．
D．You will probably want to be independent．
E．You may appreciate（感激） what you have in your own life．
F．The choices that you make from now on will be your choices．
G.. Your family has been with you since you came into this world

31.               A. A                            B. B                            C. C                            D. D                            E. E                            F. F

32.               A. A                            B. B                            C. C                            D. D                            E. E                            F. F

33.               A. A                            B. B                            C. C                            D. D                            E. E                            F. F

34.               A. A                            B. B                            C. C                            D. D                            E. E                            F. F

35.               A. A                            B. B                            C. C                            D. D                            E. E                            F. F

四、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）

I had been playing hockey （冰球） for about 10 years． I was always the one sitting at the end of the bench， and(36)got into a game． I went to all the (37)and showed up even when it was so (38)that your "breath froze" and when the other players had decided to stay home． I felt I had (39)enough and thought of quitting．
I finally decided to (40)the news to my mom that I was leaving the team． My mom may have looked like a tiny and quiet lady but on (41)my words， she said， "Remember，‘ A quitter never wins and a winner never quits．' Your mother didn't raise (42)， so think about yourself in a (43)way and see yourself as a winner!" So I worked harder than ever at getting in better shape，(44)my shot accuracy and changing my(45)．
Once in a match， we (46)out first game badly． What's worse， one of our best players got hurt． I was sitting at my (47)place， at the end of the bench， when the coach came over and told me I was going (48)． I was nervous， excited and terrified all at the same time．
The opposing team was fast and I had to admit I was a little (49)． But my mom's words(50)out in my head like a church bell． Instead of being afraid， I was "pumped" and I very quickly found that all my(51)work was paying off． I was as fast a skater as anyone else on the ice， and I seemed， to get the(52)to score． The crowd went quiet． All the time I spent on the ice when everyone had gone home had (53)me for this moment．
Won! I won!
The lesson I learned from my mom's (54)has stayed with me over the years． I hear them whenever I am faced with a challenge， or whenever I(55)myself．

36.               A. once              B. seldom              C. usually              D. even

37.               A. meetings              B. shows              C. matches              D. practices

38.               A. cloudy              B. wet              C. cold              D. windy

39.               A. suffered              B. explained              C. planned              D. escaped